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A torque converter in modern usage, is normally a fluid coupling that is used so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, like for instance an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. Like a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanized clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a considerable difference between output and input rotational speed.
The most common type of torque converter used in automobile transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. During the 1920s there was likewise the Constantinesco or likewise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are various mechanical designs used for continuously changeable transmissions that have the ability to multiply torque. For example, the Variomatic is one kind which has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an component referred to as a stator. This alters the drive's characteristics during occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
Within a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating parts: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whatever situation and this is where the term stator begins from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been alterations which have been incorporated sometimes. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, changes to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these modifications have taken the form of multiple stators and turbines. Every set has been intended to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances consist of the Dynaflow that utilizes a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
While it is not strictly a component of classic torque converter design, various automotive converters comprise a lock-up clutch so as to lessen heat and so as to enhance cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
