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Typically the base which is bolted into a big concrete pad provides the necessary support for a tower crane. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is connected to the inside of the structure of the building. Usually, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
Typically, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 10 feet square or 0.9m2. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear which enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make sure that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially due to their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction location by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be some of the other industrial equipment which is typically used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast part piece.
Using a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Carry out a pre-shift check before operating the machine. or OSHA guidelines state that a pre-shift checklist must be performed at the beginning of each work shift. Every different machinery as well as its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, lights, emergency brakes, controls, horn and safety features.
2 When starting up the equipment and check the controls, it is essential to make sure that the seatbelt is fastened and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look underneath the machine after you move it for any signs of leaks. The operation of every type of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a standard vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift happens because of the fact that the truck steers using its rear wheels. Forgetting this fact is a main reasons for accidents and injuries to workers. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels must be performed with utmost care. These top-heavy equipment have a high center of gravity even without a load. When moving or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 When traveling, keep the forks close to the floor and use care when approaching loads. Make sure that the forks line up with the pallet. Lift the load just as high as is required, tilting it back to help stabilize the equipment. Only drive backwards if the load is so big that it obstructs driver vision.
5 Check the wheels on trucks/trailers prior to unloading and loading. Do not travel on slopes, particularly when lifting a load. The machine is prone to tip-overs on a slope. When driving on an incline is necessary, always drive up the slope and back down. The load must be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The forklift driver must always be in firm control all the time. Tipping over is the main cause of operator injuries. The operator must never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
